Total cholesterol measures the overall amount of cholesterol in the blood, including both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Cholesterol is necessary for various bodily functions, but an imbalance can lead to health issues. High levels of total cholesterol, particularly LDL, are associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke, while HDL helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. Regular monitoring is important for managing cardiovascular health.